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[title] => Uspjeh znanstvenika: Promijenili krvnu grupu troje donatora bubrega u opći tip 0
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Znanstvenici Sveučilišta Cambridge uspješno su promijenili krvnu grupu bubrega troje donatora u univerzalnu krvnu grupu 0, što bi u budućnosti značajno moglo unaprijediti transplantaciju organa, piše Jutarnji. Naime, bubreg osobe krvne grupe A ne može se presaditi nekome s krvnom grupom B, niti obrnuto. Ali promjena krvne grupe u univerzalnu 0 omogućila bi više transplantacija. - Vrlo je uzbudljivo razmišljati o tome kako bi naše postignuće potencijalno moglo utjecati na tolike živote - rekla je za Guardian Serena MacMillan, doktorandica na Cambridgeu i jedna od članova znanstvenog tima.
Krvna grupa određena je genima koje smo naslijedili od naših roditelja. Tisućljeća evolucije dovela su do podjele ljudske krvi u četiri tipa: A, B, AB i 0. Pojedine krvne grupe međusobno se razlikuju po svojim markerima ili antigenima na površini svake crvene krvne stanice.
Ako se na površini crvenih krvnih stanica nalazi antigen A, radi se o krvnoj grupi A. Tekući dio krvi, odnosno plazma, u tom slučaju sadrži antitijela protiv krvne grupe B. Ako se na površini crvenih krvnih stanica nalazi antigen B, radi se o krvnoj grupi B. Plazma tada sadrži antitijela protiv krvne grupe A. Ako na površini crvenih krvnih stanica nema niti jednog od ta dva antigena, radi se o krvnoj grupi 0. U tom se slučaju u plazmi nalaze i antitijela protiv krvne grupe A i antitijela protiv krvne grupe B. Također je moguće da se na površini crvenih krvnih stanica nalaze i antigen A i antigen B, te tada u plazmi nema antitijela, a osoba ima krvnu grupu AB.
Proces pretvorbe
Britanski su se istraživači koristili uređajem koji se obično upotrebljava za prolazak krvi obogaćene kisikom kroz donirani bubreg kako bi ga sačuvali. No, sad se koristio i enzim koji je uklonio antigene krvnih grupa u žilama bubrega, što je dovelo do njihove pretvorbe u tip 0. - Naše samopouzdanje je uistinu poraslo nakon što smo primijenili enzim na komad ljudskog bubrežnog tkiva i vrlo brzo vidjeli da su antigeni uklonjeni. Nakon toga smo znali da je proces izvediv. Uzeli smo ljudske bubrege s krvi grupe B i pumpanjem enzima kroz organ pomoću normotermičke strojne perfuzije, u roku od samo nekoliko sati pretvorili smo krvnu grupu B u 0 - pojasnila je Serena MacMillan.
Znanstvenici optimistično najavljuju da će sada istražiti kako modificirani bubrezi rade u laboratorijskim bubrezima. Bude li se sve odvijalo prema planu, očekuju se i klinička ispitivanja na pacijentima. - Jedno od najvećih ograničenja u transplantaciji bubrega jest činjenica da morate biti kompatibilni po krvnoj grupi. Nakon uspješne promjene krvne grupe u univerzalnu 0, sada moramo razmotriti mogu li naše metode biti uspješne u kliničkom okruženju i naposljetku rezultirati transplantacijom - izjavio je za Times Mike Nicholson, profesor transplantacijske kirurgije na Cambridgeu.
Učestalost krvnih grupa
Znanstvenici ističu da bi njihovo postignuće uvelike moglo pomoći Crncima i drugim pripadnicima etničkih manjina koji u Velikoj Britaniji na transplantaciju bubrega čekaju u prosjeku 19 mjeseci dulje od pacijenata bijele rase zbog nepodudarnosti u krvnim grupama. Jer, zastupljenost pojedinih krvnih grupa nije jednaka u svim dijelovima svijeta.
Primjerice, u Hrvatskoj je najzastupljenija krvna grupa A, koju ima 42 posto populacije, slijedi krvna grupa 0 koju ima 34 posto Hrvata, zatim B koju ima njih 9-17 posto te AB koju ima njih 7 posto. I kod ostalih europskih naroda najveću učestalost ima grupa A. U Aziji I Africi je znatno češća krvna grupa B. Smatra se da su česte epidemije kuge i malih boginja u Aziji rezultirale većom učestalošću krvne grupe B jer su osobe krvne grupe 0 bile preosjetljive na kugu, a osobe krvne grupe A na boginje.
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znanstvenici promijenili krvne gurpe u opći tio 0
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Znanstvenici Sveučilišta Cambridge uspješno su promijenili krvnu grupu bubrega troje donatora u univerzalnu krvnu grupu 0, što bi u budućnosti značajno moglo unaprijediti transplantaciju organa, piše Jutarnji. Naime, bubreg osobe krvne grupe A ne može se presaditi nekome s krvnom grupom B, niti obrnuto. Ali promjena krvne grupe u univerzalnu 0 omogućila bi više transplantacija. - Vrlo je uzbudljivo razmišljati o tome kako bi naše postignuće potencijalno moglo utjecati na tolike živote - rekla je za Guardian Serena MacMillan, doktorandica na Cambridgeu i jedna od članova znanstvenog tima.
Krvna grupa određena je genima koje smo naslijedili od naših roditelja. Tisućljeća evolucije dovela su do podjele ljudske krvi u četiri tipa: A, B, AB i 0. Pojedine krvne grupe međusobno se razlikuju po svojim markerima ili antigenima na površini svake crvene krvne stanice.
Ako se na površini crvenih krvnih stanica nalazi antigen A, radi se o krvnoj grupi A. Tekući dio krvi, odnosno plazma, u tom slučaju sadrži antitijela protiv krvne grupe B. Ako se na površini crvenih krvnih stanica nalazi antigen B, radi se o krvnoj grupi B. Plazma tada sadrži antitijela protiv krvne grupe A. Ako na površini crvenih krvnih stanica nema niti jednog od ta dva antigena, radi se o krvnoj grupi 0. U tom se slučaju u plazmi nalaze i antitijela protiv krvne grupe A i antitijela protiv krvne grupe B. Također je moguće da se na površini crvenih krvnih stanica nalaze i antigen A i antigen B, te tada u plazmi nema antitijela, a osoba ima krvnu grupu AB.
Proces pretvorbe
Britanski su se istraživači koristili uređajem koji se obično upotrebljava za prolazak krvi obogaćene kisikom kroz donirani bubreg kako bi ga sačuvali. No, sad se koristio i enzim koji je uklonio antigene krvnih grupa u žilama bubrega, što je dovelo do njihove pretvorbe u tip 0. - Naše samopouzdanje je uistinu poraslo nakon što smo primijenili enzim na komad ljudskog bubrežnog tkiva i vrlo brzo vidjeli da su antigeni uklonjeni. Nakon toga smo znali da je proces izvediv. Uzeli smo ljudske bubrege s krvi grupe B i pumpanjem enzima kroz organ pomoću normotermičke strojne perfuzije, u roku od samo nekoliko sati pretvorili smo krvnu grupu B u 0 - pojasnila je Serena MacMillan.
Znanstvenici optimistično najavljuju da će sada istražiti kako modificirani bubrezi rade u laboratorijskim bubrezima. Bude li se sve odvijalo prema planu, očekuju se i klinička ispitivanja na pacijentima. - Jedno od najvećih ograničenja u transplantaciji bubrega jest činjenica da morate biti kompatibilni po krvnoj grupi. Nakon uspješne promjene krvne grupe u univerzalnu 0, sada moramo razmotriti mogu li naše metode biti uspješne u kliničkom okruženju i naposljetku rezultirati transplantacijom - izjavio je za Times Mike Nicholson, profesor transplantacijske kirurgije na Cambridgeu.
Učestalost krvnih grupa
Znanstvenici ističu da bi njihovo postignuće uvelike moglo pomoći Crncima i drugim pripadnicima etničkih manjina koji u Velikoj Britaniji na transplantaciju bubrega čekaju u prosjeku 19 mjeseci dulje od pacijenata bijele rase zbog nepodudarnosti u krvnim grupama. Jer, zastupljenost pojedinih krvnih grupa nije jednaka u svim dijelovima svijeta.
Primjerice, u Hrvatskoj je najzastupljenija krvna grupa A, koju ima 42 posto populacije, slijedi krvna grupa 0 koju ima 34 posto Hrvata, zatim B koju ima njih 9-17 posto te AB koju ima njih 7 posto. I kod ostalih europskih naroda najveću učestalost ima grupa A. U Aziji I Africi je znatno češća krvna grupa B. Smatra se da su česte epidemije kuge i malih boginja u Aziji rezultirale većom učestalošću krvne grupe B jer su osobe krvne grupe 0 bile preosjetljive na kugu, a osobe krvne grupe A na boginje.
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20. svibanj 2024 06:24